Wood Carving is a sculpture
in Chinese culture often knows referred to as "FOLK ART". Wood carving is a separate type of work
out of the woodwork. It is divided into three categories: "Three dimensional
carvings", "Root carving", "Relief sculpture". Wood carving uses several techniques
including circular engraving, basso-relievo and hollow engraving. Most wood
carving applies color to protect the wood. The form of Chinese furniture
evolved along three distinct lineages which dates back to 1000BC, based on
frame and panel, yoke and rack and bamboo construction techniques. Chinese home
furniture evolved independently of Western furniture into similar forms
including chairs, tables, stools, cupboard, cabinets, beds, and sofas. Until
the 10th century CE the Chinese sat on mats or low platforms
using low tables, in typical Asian style, but then gradually moved to using
high tables with chairs.
Chinese furniture is mostly
in plain polished wood, but from at least the Song Dynasty, the most
luxurious pieces often used LACQUER to cover the
whole or parts of the visible area. Carved lacquer furniture was at first only
affordable by the Imperial family or the extremely rich, but by the 19th
century was merely very expensive, and mostly found in smaller pieces or as
decorated area on larger ones.
Chinese Furniture
is usually light where possible, from the Qing Dynasty furniture
made for export, mostly to Europe, became a distinct style, generally made in
rather different shapes to suit the destination markets and highly decorated in
lacquer and other techniques.
Classic furniture is typically made of a class of hardwood, known
collectively as ROSE WOOD. These woods are denser than
water, fine grained and high in oils and resins. These properties make
dimensionally stable, hardwearing, hot and insect resistant.
Many basic patterns established during the song
dynasties continued to mature throughout the Yuan and Ming periods
into beautiful well-rounded and robust forms that were smoothly finished with
thick lacquer coating and finely detailed with painted decoration.
Chinese
furniture began to develop some of its distinguishing characteristics:
- The use of
meditation Chairs, large enough to sit cross legged in.
- Tall yoke chairs
where the feet are to rest on a bottom stretcher day beds.
- Opium beds where
one can sit cross legged and use small tables to eat from or write on
while sitting on a mat or platform.
- Use of thick
lacquer finish
- Exotic hardwoods
- Detailed
engraving and paintings for ceremonial purposes and artistic expression
sacred mountain images, Dragon and Clouds, birds and flower all had
specific Taoist connotation.
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